Nextcloud

Last modified: 2023-11-24

Installation

Nextcloud will be using apache

apt install mlocate apache2 libapache2-mod-php mariadb-client mariadb-server wget unzip bzip2 curl php php-common php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-mysql php-xml php-zip php-intl php-apcu php-redis php-bcmath php-gmp php-imagick

Enter the MariaDB CLI as the root user

mariadb -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;

For UTF8 support use this instead:

CREATE DATABASE nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '{PASSWORD}';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Exit the MariaDB prompt

Download Nextcloud into /var/www

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-[VERSION].tar.bz2
tar -xf nextcloud-[VERSION].tar.bz2

Change owner to the apache user

chown -Rfv www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud

Create nextcloud configuration for apache

vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

Configuration file

<VirtualHost *:80> # specify listen ip addresses: ADDRESS:PORT for ipv4, [ADDRESS]:PORT vor ipv6, *:80 for all
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud
        Alias /nextcloud "/var/www/nextcloud/"

        <Directory "/var/www/nextcloud/">
                Options +FollowSymlinks
                AllowOverride All

                <IfModule mod_dav.c>
                        Dav off
                </IfModule>

                Require all granted

                SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud
                SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/nextcloud
        </Directory>

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_error_log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_access_log common
</VirtualHost>

Enable rewrite module

a2enmod rewrite

Enable nextcloud and disable the default site

a2ensite nextcloud.conf && a2dissite 000-default.conf

Edit ports.conf for apache2 to only bind the addresses you need

systemctl restart apache2

PHP Memory Cache

apt install php-apcu

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',

Enable APCu for the PHP CLI as well.

/etc/php/8.2/cli/php.ini

...
apc.enable_cli=1

Redis can be used for providing a distributed memcache. See the install instructions below.

'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',

Redis memcache

apt install redis php-redis

If Redis is installed on the same machine, unix sockets can be used to communicate.

Enable unixsocket in the redis config file located under /etc/redis/redis.conf
Uncomment the provided default value
Set unixsocketperm to 777, so the www-data webserver user can access it.
NOTE: There's probably a better way of doing this involving groups, but I wanted to get it working

Add these lines to config.php

'filelocking.enabled' => true,
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => array(
    'host' => '/run/redis/redis-server.sock',
    'port' => 0,
    'timeout' => 0.0,
),

Restart the Redis and Apache2 services

systemctl restart apache2
systemctl restart redis

Cron

To execute regular jobs, I personally use cron.
Edit crontab as the www-data user.

su -s /bin/sh -c 'crontab -e' www-data

Add this following line:

*/5 * * * * php -f [NEXTCLOUD DIR]/cron.php

Configuration

The main config file is [NEXTCLOUD DIR]/config/config.php

Automatic Trash clearing

See this page for more options

This settings keeps the files for 15 days, unless drive space is getting low.
In that case it delets them earlier.

'trashbin_retention_obligation' => 'auto, 15',

Trust Proxy

This disables the warning of untrusted proxy in the webinterface.

'trusted_proxies' =>
    array (
          0 => '[PROXY IP]',
),

Trusted Domains

Array of trusted domains.

'trusted_domains' =>
    array (
        0 => '[DOMAIN 1]',
        1 => '[DOMAIN 2]',
),

Maintenance

Maintenance Mode

Enable maintenance mode to prevent data inconsistencies

su -s /bin/sh -c 'php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:mode --on' www-data

To disable maintenance mode again, run the same command with --off instead of --on

Upgrade with CLI

su -s /bin/sh -c 'php /var/www/nextcloud/updater/updater.phar' www-data

Always check the admin status page after an upgrade. Sometimes additional steps are needed to fully complete the upgrade

Missing indices in database

The missing indices can be added using occ

su -s /bin/sh -c 'php /var/www/nextcloud/occ db:add-missing-indices' www-data

Backup Database

Dump database to file

NOTE: The password needs to be inserted directly after -p without any space

mysqldump --single-transaction -h [SERVER] -u [USERNAME] -p[PASSWORD] [DB NAME] > nextcloud-sqlbkp_`date +"%Y%m%d"`.bak

Official documentation

Backup Script

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

server=
username=
password=
db_name=

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/database-backup

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:mode --on

mysqldump --single-transaction -h $server -u $username -p$password $db_name | sudo tee /var/www/database-backup/nextcloud-sqlbkp_`date +"%Y%m%d"`.bak

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:mode --off

Restore Database

mariadb -h [SERVER] -u [USERNAME] -p[PASSWORD] -e "DROP DATABASE nextcloud"
mariadb -h [SERVER] -u [USERNAME] -p[PASSWORD] -e "CREATE DATABASE nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci"

mariadb -h [SERVER] -u [USERNAME] -p[PASSWORD] [DB NAME] < nextcloud-sqlbkp.bak

Nextcloud documentation

Plugins

Memories

Install ffmpeg to enable thumbnail generation for video files.

Migration

Tips

• Allow login to the original host as root user

Steps

• (New host) Install dependencies
• (Original host) Enable maintenance mode
• (Original host) Create database backup
• (New host) Restore database backup
• (New host) Recreate Nextcloud database user
• (New host) Copy full Nextcloud folder
  • Preserve the permissions as much as possible (see rsync command below)
  • sudo rsync -a --progress root@172.18.50.101:/var/www/nextcloud /var/www/
• (New host) Copy apache2 configuration file
• (New host) Enable apache2 Nextcloud site and disable default site
• (New host) Redo php limits configuration
• (New host) Upgrade Nextcloud (required for php 8.2 compatibility)

Notes on configuration files

PHP

Apache2: /etc/php/8.2/apache2/php.ini

Change memory_limit to 1G

Disable post_max_size by setting 0
Previously used 20G in the old Nextcloud installation

Change upload_max_filesize to 20G

Change opcache.interned_strings_buffer to 32

CLI: /etc/php/8.2/cli/php.ini

Disable post_max_size by setting 0
Previously used 20G in the old Nextcloud installation

Change upload_max_filesize to 20G

Collabora Online Container

Docker Compose for Nextcloud + Collabora + Traefik?
Use HTTPS with Ubuntu 22.04, apache, Nextcloud and Collabora(Docker)
HowTo: Ubuntu + Docker + Nextcloud + Talk + Collabora
Collabora - Installation Guide

podman run -t -d --name collabora-online -p 9980:9980 \
    -e "extra_params=--o:ssl.enable=false --o:ssl.termination=true" \
    --label "io.containers.autoupdate=image" \
    docker.io/collabora/code:latest

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name  collabora.exu.li;

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/acme-sh/collabora.exu.li/key.pem;
    ssl_certificate /etc/acme-sh/collabora.exu.li/cert.pem;

    # static files
    location ^~ /browser {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }

    # WOPI discovery URL
    location ^~ /hosting/discovery {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }

    # Capabilities
    location ^~ /hosting/capabilities {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }

    # main websocket
    location ~ ^/cool/(.*)/ws$ {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
      proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_read_timeout 36000s;
    }

    # download, presentation and image upload
    location ~ ^/(c|l)ool {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    }

    # Admin Console websocket
    location ^~ /cool/adminws {
      proxy_pass http://172.18.50.101:9980;
      proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
      proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_read_timeout 36000s;
    }
}

Onlyoffice Container

This procedure is incomplete. See these links for the additional configurations necessary.
jiriks74 Docker-DocumentServer
Onlyoffice-Nextcloud issue 601
Onlyoffice-Nextcloud issue 153

Integrating onlyoffice, requires setting the correct Content Security Policy headers on the webserver. Using CSP also introduces blockages in Nextcloud that have to be fixed. The console view is your friend for finding every issue.
For my installation, the headers needed to be set like this.

Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' data: [ONLYOFFICE DOMAIN NAME];"

podman run -itd --name onlyoffice -p 8080:80 \
    -e JWT_ENABLED="true" \
    -e JWT_SECRET="[SECRET KEY]" \
    -e JWT_HEADER="AuthorizationJwt" \
    docker.io/onlyoffice/documentserver

Installing ONLYOFFICE Docs Community Edition for Docker on a local server
About the ONLYOFFICE and Nextcloud integration
Using ONLYOFFICE Docs behind the proxy